CB in the European Union

We entered the EU space in 2023 through our research on Article 23 of the Net Zero Industry Act. Our research and analysis, alongside that of academic and civil society partners, informed the development of this regulation.

Our research continues to focus on how Article 23 is being implemented, including through legal analysis of the challenges brought against it, and to examine the evidence relevant to the EU's 2040 climate targets. Our 2025-2026 work programme includes expanding our academic and policy partnerships in Brussels, focusing on policies across energy, competitiveness, security, trade and climate.

Publications

Publications
Article 23 On Trial: How oil and gas producers are challenging the EU’s flagship CCS market-building measure
Briefing
Article 23 On Trial: How oil and gas producers are challenging the EU’s flagship CCS market-building measure
Briefing

A legal briefing assessing the legal claims against the objectives, structure and legal basis of Article 23 in the Net Zero Industry Act. Written by Article 23 Watch.

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Briefing
Amicus Curiae: Obligated entities under Article 23, Net Zero Industry Act
Briefing
Amicus Curiae: Obligated entities under Article 23, Net Zero Industry Act
Briefing

An amicus curiae brief, written by Bellona Europa and Carbon Balance Initiative, assessing the legal challenges to Article 23 around its legal basis, proportionality, and alignment with EU legal principles.

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Briefing
The First Year of Article 23: Tracking Compliance, Progress and Perspectives
Report
The First Year of Article 23: Tracking Compliance, Progress and Perspectives
Report

A first-of-its-kind report assessing the progress of Article 23 implementation in the EU, written by Carbon Balance Initiative, Clean Air Task Force, and Bellona Europa.

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Report
More Publications

EU Updates & News

Featured
Open Letter on penalty implementation under Article 23 of the Net Zero Industry Act
Open Letter on penalty implementation under Article 23 of the Net Zero Industry Act

The three organisations of Article 23 Watch, together with 13 other organisations representing the CCS value chain and ecosystem, publishes an open letter urging Member States to implement penalties for non-compliance with Article 23.

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Fossil giants fight to avoid accountability, leaving Europe’s industry to face the consequences
Fossil giants fight to avoid accountability, leaving Europe’s industry to face the consequences

Press release in response to oil and gas legal challenges,against European Commission, over the injection capacity obligation in Net Zero Industry Act

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Open Letter to call for comprehensive lead market measures in the Industrial Accelerator Act
Open Letter to call for comprehensive lead market measures in the Industrial Accelerator Act

Open letter to include comprehensive lead market measures in the Industrial Accelerator Act

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Open letter against international credits integration into the EU 2040 climate target and NDC
Open letter against international credits integration into the EU 2040 climate target and NDC

Open letter on separate targets and Article 6 in 2040 climate framework

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