Publications
At Carbon Balance, we publish research, policy analysis, and expert commentary. From reports and policy briefs to science explainers, our work sets out the evidence base for different pathways to net zero and overshoot management.
Should Norwegian producers be included in Article 23 of the Net Zero Industry Act? Implications of latest EFTA Court finding on Norway’s continental shelf
A policy briefing assessing the legal basis for including Norwegian producers in Article 23, and three options for how to design their participation.
Article 23 On Trial: How oil and gas producers are challenging the EU’s flagship CCS market-building measure
A legal briefing assessing the legal claims against the objectives, structure and legal basis of Article 23 in the Net Zero Industry Act. Written by Article 23 Watch.
Amicus Curiae: Obligated entities under Article 23, Net Zero Industry Act
An amicus curiae brief, written by Bellona Europa and Carbon Balance Initiative, assessing the legal challenges to Article 23 around its legal basis, proportionality, and alignment with EU legal principles.
The First Year of Article 23: Tracking Compliance, Progress and Perspectives
A first-of-its-kind report assessing the progress of Article 23 implementation in the EU, written by Carbon Balance Initiative, Clean Air Task Force, and Bellona Europa.
Beyond the Pledge: Geological Carbon Storage in NDC 3.0 and the Limits of Tracking International Pledges
A briefing assessing the role of geological carbon storage in NDC 3.0, complemented with reflections on the limits of tracking international pledges.
One Region, Many Transitions - CBAM and Carbon Pricing in the Western Balkans
A report assessing how Western Balkan countries can use carbon pricing to respond to EU CBAM, protect competitiveness, and align their economies with future European carbon markets.
Accelerating Net Zero: From Ambition to Delivery
A joint report setting out practical, near-term actions to unblock delivery of UK net zero across clean power, transport, homes and buildings, and industry.
Who Should Pay for Carbon Removal in the UK?
A Carbon Balance and CO₂RE evidence briefing, with the first UK national survey on CDR policy preferences. Evidence suggests strong support for regulation and producer responsibility.
Markets & Mandates: Policies for scaling CCS in the UK
A report on the role of markets and mandates in UK policy scenarios for future deployment of CCS and GGR, including a novel typology framework and framework for design choices.